Member of Parliament | African National Congress
National Assembly | 1994 - present

Member | African National Congress National Executive Committee
1991 - present

Chairman | Portfolio Committee on Foreign Affairs

Chairman | Constitutional Review Committee

Minister | Department of Arts, Culture Science & Technology | Government of South Africa
2004 - 2009

Minister | Environmental affairs and Tourism
1996 - 1999

Minister | Posts and Telecommunications and Broadcasting, Government of National Unity
1994 - 1996

Member | ANC Elections Committee
1992 - 1992

Member | Civil Service Committee | African National Congress
1992 - 1992

Member | ANC National Working Committee
1991 - 1991

Director | Information and Publicity, ANC
1989 - 1989

Convenor | NEC Strategy and Tactics Committee
1985 - 1989

Secretary | Information, ANC
Lusaka, Zambia | 1988 - 1988

Administrative Secretary | NEC | African National Congress
Lusaka, Zambia | 1985 - 1988

Member | Constitutional Committee | African National Congress
1986 - 1986

Deputy Secretary | Information, ANC
Lusaka, Zambia | 1985 - 1985

Head | Research Unit, DIP
Lusaka | 1980 - 1980

Head | Radio Freedom
Luanda | 1977 - 1979

Member of Research Unit | Department of Information and Publicity | African National Congress
London | 1975 - 1975

London School of Economics and Political Science

Post-Graduate Degree

Author | The Crisis of Conscience in the SACP - A Critical Review of Slovo's 'Has Socialism Failed?' | 1990

Author | Review of Moses Kotane: African Revolutionary (1974); The Soweto Uprising: an Analysis (1976) and The African Petit Bourgeoisie: | 1984